Hello Friends,
In this tutorial, we will learn top Linux commands which are handy in day to day work, especially from Java developer point of view.
1. How to create a new file in Unix
touch <fileName>
Example :
touch abc.txt
2. How to see content of file in Unix(without able to edit)
cat <FileName>
Example :
cat abc.txt
3. How to open file in editor mode
vi <File Name>
Example :
vi abc.txt
4. How to edit File and add content in File in Unix
a) Open file with following command
vi abc.txt
b) Press I ,it will bring file in edit mode.
c) Type whatever you enter in file.
d) Type :wq! and enter.This will save content you entered in file.
5. How to find a File/Directory with name starting with particular character in Unix
ls -ltr | grep <character>*
Example : Find file/directory starting with name "ab"
ls -lrt | grep ab*
6. How to give/change permissions of File or Directory
File permissions in numeric format and their meaning :
0 – no permissions
1 – execute only
2 – write only
3 – write and execute
4 – read only
5 – read and execute
6 – read and write
7 – read, write and execute
By default, when we create a File in Unix ,it is created with permission 666(read/write).
By default, when we create a Directory in Unix, it is created with permission 777(read/write/execute).
Along with numeric notation, Unix permissions can also be represented by following characters:
Reference Class Description
u user the owner of the file
g group users who are members of the file's group
o others users who are not the owner of the file or members of the group
a all all three of the above, is the same as ugo
r read read a file or list a directory's contents
w write write to a file or directory
x execute execute a file
6.1. How to make File read only in Unix
chmod <permission> <fileName>
Example :
chmod 444 abc.txt
6.2. How to give File Read/Write/Execute Permissions in Unix
chmod <Permission> <FileName>
Example :
chmod 777 abc.txt
7. How to find list of all the links in a directory in Unix
ls -lrt | grep "^l"
^ - This signifies start of each line
l - Each symbolic link has "l'' in the beginning of line like below :
lrwxrwxrwx 1 gg99a weblog 3 Dec 9 22:20 latest -> 1.3
So this command prints all lines from result of ls -lrt,which starts with "l" and all symolic link's lines start with "l", hence the result.
8. How to see content of current directory
ls
This will not give details about Files or directories.
9. How to see content of current directory with details such as
- the exact size of the file
- who owns the file
- who has the right to look at it
- when it was last modified.
ls -lrt
10. How to see all files including the ones whose filenames begin in a dot
ls -a
This however does not give details as mentioned in point 9.
11. How to see List of all background process
Jobs
12. How to bring a background process to foreground
Fg
13. How to kill a process
kill <ProcessId>
14. How to see current date in Unix
date
15. How to see History of commands executed
history
Using only "history" will give you all the commands executed in current session.
If you want to see specific type of command, use grep along with history as below :
For example ,if you have executed command to create directory multiple times, you can execute history command as below. It will list mkdir command all the times you have executed previously in current session.
history | grep mk
16. How to clear the console in Unix
clear
17. How to check ,how much space is left on the current drive in Unix
df -h
18. How to see which process is taking how much time in Unix
top
Press shift + O to get all options by which you can sort.For example ,to sort by PID,press 'a' and then press any key.It will sort all the processes by PID.
19. How to copy File from one host to another in Unix
19.1 When you are sending files from current machine to remote machine
scp <current machine path to file,which we want to send to remote machine> user@remote machine:/remote path
Example : scp /var/log/was/abc.txt GA99@test.com:/var/log/remoteDirectory
19.2 When you want to retrieve file(s) from remote machine
scp user@remote machine:/remote path to file <current machine path where we want to download the file>
Example :
scp user@remote machine:/var/log/remoteDirectory/abc.txt /var/log/was
20. How to find ,how many times a word is there in File
grep -c <word to find> <FileName>
Example :
grep -c Hi abc.txt
Above command will give count of word Hi in File abc.txt.
21. How to execute previously executed command in Unix
!<Previous Command>
This is really handy when your command includes lots of parameters and options.You need not type all those parameters and options again with this shorthand.
Example : Say I executed following command:
ls -lrt | grep abc
Now I want to execute this command again, I just have to type following to execute above command again :
!ls
22. How to find all the files with certain content in Unix
find . –name <type of files to be searched> | xargs grep <content to be matched>
Example :
find . -name "*.txt" | xargs grep "Hi"
23. How to find file(s) which have been modified since last day, today or more than 1 day
23.1 Find all files in current directory and sub directories which has been modified exactly 1 day back.
find . -mtime 1
23.2 Find all files in current directory and sub directories which has been modified more than 1 day before.
find . -mtime +1
23.3) Find all files in current directory and sub directories which has been modified less than 1 day before.
find . -mtime -1
24. How to create Soft link in Unix
ln -s <Directory which soft link will point to> <Soft link name>
Example :
ln -s 1.0 latest
So here you are pointing latest soft link to directory 1.0.
24. How to update Soft link in Unix
ln -nsf <New directory> <Soft link>
Example : Say you want to point latest now to new directory 1.1,then you will execute following command :
ln -nsf 1.1 latest
25.How to remove Soft link in Unix
rm <Soft link name>
Thanks for reading.Share it with someone for whom you think it will be helpful.
